FEDERATION OF COMMONWEALTH OF NATIONS ; TRADING NAME : FEDERAL GOVT OF COMMONWEALTH OF NATIONS ~ REPRESENTS ~ FEDERAL GOVT OF COMMONWEALTH ;
THE PURPOSE OF FORMATION OF THIS FEDERATION IS TO ENSURE ALL COMMONWEALTH COUNTRIES UNDER SUPERVISION OF ABSOLUTE MONARCHY GOVT OF KING OF KINGS WORK IN A BETTER COLLABORATIVE WAYS.
THIS PARTICULAR ROYAL ENTITY / FEDERATION / GOVT ADMINISTRATION AIM TO FACILITATE / HOST QUARTERLY AND YEARLY MEETINGS TO UNITE GOVTS OF COMMONWEALTH COUNTRIES THAT EXIST WITHIN EMPERORS ~ ROMAN EMPIRE, BRITISH EMPIRE, FRENCH EMPIRE AND ISLAMIC EMPIRE~ TO REVIEW, DISCUSS AND PLAN BETTER TO ADOPT POLICIES AND WORK ON ACTION PLANS REGARDING IMPORTANT ISSUES OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES TO HELP DIFFERENT NATIONS COLLECTIVELY .
THE PARTICULAR FEDERATION / INTERNATIONAL PLATFORM / MONARCHY GOVT ADMINISTRATION WILL FACILITATE THAT ARRANGEMENTS WITH ALL OTHER ELITES/ NOBLES AND MONARCHS AROUND THE WORLD ; SO THAT WITH JOINT EFFORTS WE CAN SERVE NATIONS BETTER BY IMPROVING BOTH PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS WORLDWIDE EVERY YEAR FROM NOW WITH OUR BEST EFFORTS.
*OUR CURRENT NEW OFFICIAL WEBSITE OF ~ '' FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF COMMONWEALTH'' ~ WITH NEW DOMAIN SHARED BELOW :
*****OFFICIAL EMAILS FOR GOVTS & HIGH QUALITY EVENTS ORGANIZERS / WORLD CLASS HOSTS & VIP COMMUNITY LEADERS FOR THIS PARTICULAR FEDERATION IS :
*Cc E-mail Always to~ Leading UN IGO / TWLF IGO :
**Cc E-mail also The Emperors Main Royal House :
***Cc E-mail also to ~ UN CENTRAL COMMAND / UNNSC / United Nations New Security Council, UN WORLD HQ, IRELAND :
*FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF COMMONWEALTH REPRESENTING ABSOLUTE MONARCHY GOVERNMENT (ABSOLUTE MONARCHY GOVT OF KING OF KINGS ) /
OWG/ ONE WORLD GOVERNMENT / UNIFIED WORLD GOVERNEMNT ALONG WITH ALL SOVEREIGNS WORLDWIDE.
*DIFFERENT GOVERNMENT TYPES ACCORDING TO CIA FACT BOOK WORLDWIDE:
:NEW FLAG AND NEW LOGO DESIGN OF ~ '' FEDERAL GOVT OF COMMONWEALTH '' ~ APPROVED !!! (4th January, 2025)
*FULL NAME OF THE EMPEROR WITH HIS TITLES AND QUALIFICATIONS :
HIM EMPEROR KING ARCHDUKE LORD MIP H.E. VVIP MVP CHANCELLOR SENIOR PROF. DR. INTERNATIONAL JUDGE AND PROVOST MARSHALL GENERAL SIR
CHOWDHURY, MOSHARAF HOSSAIN ~ CERTIFIED ~ CEO, CTO, CFO, CWO, UCIB,
CTT, ECONOMIST, LEAD AUDITOR, CIO, ChPP, CIP, CFP, CEMS, DGG, DLC, DCM, DIDP,
HRM, BSc Engg CS, BSc GE, M.Sc. CS , MSc LS, CURM , ARCHITECT, CONSULTANT, BBA, Mini - MBA, MBA , JUDICIAL ARBITRATOR, LLM, PDPM, PDSM, PGD ~ AI, PGD ~ PSCM, Ph.D. , Ed.D., Psy.D, DSJ, DOE, DWM, DLM, DLE, DMETA, DTh, DBA, D.Litt.
OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL ADMINISTRATION RESERVE ABSOLUTE RIGHTS TO USE ANY OF OUR NEW OR OLD LOGO DESIGNS BASED ON OUR PREFERENCE ANY TIME ~ANYWHERE.
*FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF COMMONWEALTH / FEDERATION OF COMONWEALTH OF NATIONS ~ NEW & OLD LOGOS UPDATED :
*NEW LOGOS :
*OLD OTHER LOGOS OF ~ FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF COMMONWEALTH / FEDERATION OF COMMONWEALTH OF NATIONS :
*SOME OF THE HISTORIC HERALDIC CROWNS FROM AROUND THE WORLD, MOST ARE FROM EUROPE :
*BLAZONS USED BY OUR ~ EMPIRES (MONARCHY) IN DIFFERENT TIMES :
*MILITARY ORDERS ALWAYS OPERATED UNDER ~ ROMAN AND BRITISH EMPIRE :
*DIFFERENT FLAG DESIGNS OF ~ '' FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF COMMONWEALTH '' :
*NEW FLAG DESIGNS :
1)
2)
3) OLD FLAG DESIGN :
*'' FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF COMMONWEALTH '' ~ EMPOWERMENT AND ENDORSEMENT FROM ROYALS OF RUSSIA, AMERICAS & EUROPE :
*OUR COPYRIGHT RECORD OF ~ '' COMMONWEALTH PARLIAMENT '' :
*HIM EMPEROR ~ PROF. DR. MOSHARAF HOSSAIN CHOWDHURY HAS ALSO RECOGNITION OF ~ IMPERIAL HOUSE OF ROCEKEFELLER AND
HAS BEEN OFFICIALLY RECOGNIZED AS THE SOVEREIGN EMPEROR MEANWHILE :
* '' FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF COMMONWEALTH '' ~ RECEIVED ROYAL ENDORSEMENT & EMPOWERMENT FROM ALSO ~ '' IMPERIAL HOUSE OF ROCKEFELLER '' & ROCKEFELLER CAPITAL MGMT FOR OUR GLOBAL OPERATIONS :
*HIM EMPEROR ~ PROF. DR. MOSHARAF HOSSAIN CHOWDHURY HAS BEEN ALSO EMPOWERED BY SPANISH ROYAL ADMINISTRATION AND SPANISH NOBLES :
* '' FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF COMMONWEALTH '' ~ RECEIVED ROYAL DECREE ENDORSEMENT FROM SPANISH ROYAL FAMILY ALSO MEANWHILE :
*HIM EMPEROR HAS BEEN ALSO RECENTLY OFFICIALLY HONOURED & EMPOWERED BY AN INDONESIAN ROYAL HOUSE & FEW OTHER NOBLES FROM ASIA :
*MORE HISTORICAL INFORMATION ABOUT ~ '' Taruma Kingdom'' ~SHARED BELOW :
*HIM EMPEROR HAS BEEN OFFICIALLY EMPOWERED AS THE GLOBAL SOVEREIGN ROYAL PATRON & RESEARCH SUPERVISOR OF ~ AFRICAN SKY BANK
(A NEWLY INCORPORATED BANK, WORLD HQ BASED IN AFRICA ) :
*HIM EMPEROR HAS BEEN ALSO EMPOWERED & RECOGNIZED BY ANOTHER ROYALS FROM SOUTH AMERICA AND HONOURED AS THE SOVEREIGN ROYAL PATRON AND A RESEARCH SUPERVISOR OF A HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE (NAME : INSTITUTE HAGGIA SOFIA ), THAT HAS ITS WORLD HQ BRANCH / CAMPUS ~ BASED IN BRAZIL :
*OUR SAMPLE BUSINESS CARD / VISITING CARD DESIGN APPROVED FOR OUR GLOBAL MANAGEMENTS AND GLOBAL TEAMS FROM JAN,2023 :
*NWO (NEW WORLD ORDER) UNDER ~ FEDERAL GOVT OF COMMONWEALTH / CENTRAL GOVT / ABSOLUTE MONARCHY GOVT OF KING OF KINGS :
UNDER DIVINE LAWS OF ALMIGHTY CREATOR GOD (ALLAH) A BETTER WORLD ORDER WILL BE RESTORED TO ENSURE RULE OF LAWS ACTIVE TO PROTECT RIGHTS, HONOUR, PRIVILAGES AND GOOD GOVERNANCE GLOBALLY FOR ALL NATIONS IN A MATTER OF TIME UNDER DIVINE LEADERSHIP & LIGHT WORKERS & DIVINE BEINGS .
UNDER OUR MONARCHY GOVT WE AIM TO RESTORE SOCIAL JUSTICE WORLDWIDE WITH UNITED EFFORTS OF ALL POSITIVE CHANGE MAKERS & GOOD LEADERS.
*FOR MORE DETAILS ABOUT ~ N.W.O. ~ VISIT OUR SHARED WEBLINK BELOW :
*INFORMATION ABOUT ~ '' COMMONWEALTH COUNTRIES '' :
* INFORMATION ABOUT ~ '' COMMONWEALTH PARLIAMENT '' :
* COMMONWEALTH HOUSE OF LORDS (UPPER HOUSE OF COMMONWEALTH PARLIAMENT) INFORMATION :
*OUR ADDITIONAL PERMANENT ~ INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS , PATENT, TRADE MARK RECORD OF ~ '' COMMONWEALTH PARLIAMENT / PARLIAMENT OF COMMONWEALTH '' :
*ABOUT DIFFERENT ROYAL ADMINISTRATION DETAILS OF ~KING OF KINGS (THE EMPEROR) BASED IN DIFFERENT REGIONS VISIT OUR SHARED WEBLINK BELOW :
*COPY RIGHTS RECORDS OF OUR ABSOLUTE MONARCHY GOVT CAN BE VERIFIED HERE :
*OUR ADDITIONAL PERMANENT ~ INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS , PATENT, TRADE MARK RECORD OF ~ '' FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF COMMONWEALTH '' :
*OUR PATENT RECORD OF ~ '' FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF COMONWEALTH '' / '' FEDERATION OF COMMONWEALTH OF NATIONS '' WITH IPO, UK SHARED BELOW :
*FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF COMMONWEALTH ~PATENT RECORD INFORMATION
HAS BEEN PUBLISHED IN THE PATENTS JOURNAL OF IPO,UK :
*OUR ~ UNDESA RECORD OF ~ '' FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF COMMONWEALTH '' & ADDITIONAL INFORMATION RELATED TO PATENT , IPO, UK :
*WIPO RECORD OF ~ '' FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF COMMONWEALTH '' ~ UPDATED :
* OUR ABSOLUTE MONARCHY GOVT RECORDS ALSO LEGALLY PROTECTED BY OUR PATENTS , TRADE MARKS & COPY-RIGHTS RECORDS WORLDWIDE :
*OUR ADDITIONAL LEGAL ENDORSEMENTS :
*OUR PAST DECLARATION ON BEHALF OF OUR SOVEREIGN MONARCHY GOVT ABOUT ~ '' INDEPENDENT AND AUTONOMOUS INTERNATIONAL ENTITY ''~ STATUS OF LEADING UN IGO ~ TWLF IGO, WORLD HQ, IRELAND :
*OUR IDEOLOGIES OF FEDERAL GOVT OF COMMONWEALTH (CENTRAL GOVT OF THE WORLD BECAUSE REPRESENTING 4 MAIN EMPIRES ~ ROMAN, BRITISH, FRENCH & ISLAMIC EMPIRES THAT REPRESENTS TERRITORIAL RIGHTS OF THE EMPEROR OVER DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE WORLD) :
*UN CENTRAL COMMAND / UNNSC ~ UNDER~FEDERAL GOVT OF COMMONWEALTH:
* GEO-POLITICAN UNIONS UNDER OUR MONARCHY GOVT :
*TWLF IGO ~ SUBSIDIARIES / OUR AUXILIARY ORGS UNDER OUR ABSOLUTE MONARCHY GOVT ( FEDERAL GOVT OF COMMONWEALTH / CENTRAL GOVT ) :
*OUR GOVT CALENDAR OF 2023 :
*ALL TWLF IGO AUXILIARY ORGS / SUBSIDIARIES ARE ALSO UN SPECIAL ORGS / UNO (UNITED NATIONS ORGS) UNDER LEADING UN SPECIALIZED AGENCY ~ TWLF IGO.
WE HAVE EMPOWEREMENT OF UN / UNITED NATIONS. HOWEVER UN DOESN'T OWN OUR ANY ENTITIES BECAUSE OUR ROYAL ADMINISTRATION INDEPEDENTLY REPONSIBLE FOR OUR OVERALL GLOBAL OPERATIONS WHILE WE SUPPORT UNSDGs TO MAKE THE WORLD A BETTER PLACE WITHIN ALL UN MEMBER STATES APART FROM STATES, REGIONS OR TERRITORIES THAT ARE NOT MEMBER OF UN AS A LEADING UN IGO / SOVEREIGN INTER -GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION / ROYAL ENTITY WITH OUR ROYAL MANAGEMENTS AND NOBLES AND GOVTS AND NATIONS.
ALL OF OUR PROJECT PLANS ARE PART OF LONG TERM PROJECT PLANS TO MAKE POSITIVE SOCIAL IMPACT FOR ALL SECTORS WORLDWIDE WHILE WE IMPROVE BOTH PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS WORLDWIDE. ALL PROJECTS ARE CURRENTLY NOT FULLY ACTIVE YET BUT WE HOPE TO IMPLEMENT ALL PROJECT PLANS BY 2050 .
EACH YEAR WE MAY CARRY OUT FEW PROJECTS TO ENSURE WE MAINTAIN HIGH QUALITY OUTCOME GLOBALLY/ IN A LARGE SCALE IN A MATTER OF TIME .
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION :
*OUR GOVTS ~ SOVEREIGN ROYAL JUDICIAL ORGANS :
*OUR INTERNATIONAL COURTS ADOPTED NEW SERVICES :
*MAIN GOVERNING LAWS OF 4 MAIN EMPIRES (ROMAN, BRITISH, FRENCH & ISLAMIC ~ EMPIRES) UNDER~ '' FEDERAL GOVT OF COMMONWEALTH '' :
*OUR SOVEREIGN MONARCHY GOVT ENDORSED ALL ~BILLS/ LAWS / LEGISLATIONS :
*SOVEREIGN ROYAL BAR COUNCIL FOR LEGAL PROFESSIONALS GLOBALLY :
*OUR GLOBAL SOVEREIGN ROYAL ARMED FORCES :
*RELIGIOUS AND MILITARY ORDERS OF ~ '' FEDERAL GOVT OF COMMONWEALTH '' !!! (UPDATED~ 18TH JUNE, 2024) :
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL ORGAN TO PREVENT TERRORISM WORLDWIDE :
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL ORGAN TO PREVENT CORRUPTION WORLDWIDE :
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL HUMAN RIGHTS ORGANS :
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL INTERNATIONAL MILITARY PRISON ORGAN / GOVERNMENT AGENCY UNDER OUR ABSOLUTE MONARCHY GOVT ( FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF COMMONWEALTH / ABSOLUTE MONARCHY GOVT OF KING OF KINGS ) :
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL PEACE ORGAN :
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL ORGAN FOR JOURNALISM SECTOR :
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL TV CHANNELS :
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL RADIO CHANNELS :
*OUR PODCASTS & RADIO BROADCASTINGS :
*OUR NEWSPAPERS :
*OUR QUARTERLY REPORTS :
* MAGAZINES, JOURNALS AND PUBLICATIONS UNDER OUR MONARCHY GOVT :
*OUR MONARCHY PUBLISHED BOOKS OF WORLD RECORDS :
*OUR DIFFERENT YEARLY REPORTS COMPILATIONS :
*OUR WORLD RECORDS :
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL ORGAN FOR MEDICAL SECTOR :
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL ORGAN FOR SPORTS SECTOR :
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS :
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL INSTITUTIONS FOR FINANCIAL SECTOR DEVELOPMENT :
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL HUB FOR TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT :
*FEDERAL GOVT OF COMMONWEALTH & TWLF IGO (THE WORLD LEADERS FORUM ~IGO) SOFTWARES :
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL STOCK EXCHANGE & STOCK MARKET & TRADING PLATFORM :
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL ~ AUCTION MARKET :
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL ~ SEC (SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION) :
THIS PARTICULAR S.E.C. ~ WILL REVIEW ACTIVITIES OF ALL SEC WORLDWIDE TO WORK COLLECTIVELY TO IMPROVE SERVICES .
*OUR TAX OFFICES, CRO OFFICES AND CRA OFFICES / BRANCHES :
ON BEHALF OUR 4 MAIN EMPIRES ~ ROMAN EMPIRE, BRITISH EMPIRE, FRENCH EMPIRE AND ISLAMIC EMPIRE OUR FOLLOWING BRANCHES WILL WORK WITH ALL
TAX OFFICES, CRO OFFICES, CRA OFFICES WORLDWIDE TO ENSURE COMBINED COLLABORATION AND BETTER SERVICES WORLDWIDE WITH FULL TRANSPARENCY
ALONG WITH COMMUNITY SUPPORT FOR ALL BRANCHES WORLDWIDE .
[ N.B. / NOTA BENE / NOTE WELL :
CRO = COMPANIES REGISTRATION OFFICE ;
CRA = CHARITIES REGULATORY AUTHORITY ;
TAX OFFICE = REVENUE DEPARTMENT ; ]
FOR MORE DETAILS VISIT OUR SHARED WEBLINK BELOW ~
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL INSURANCE ORGAN :
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL ~ TRADE HUB AND CHAMBER OF COMMERCE ORGAN :
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL SUPPORT HUB / INTERNATIONAL SUPPPORT NETWORK :
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL UNIVERSITY / EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION :
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL ORGAN FOR TRANSPORTATION SECTOR :
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL ORGAN FOR AUTHORS / WRITERS :
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL ORGAN FOR DIPLOMATS :
*OUR CURRENT & FUTURE ADOPTED DIPLOMATIC PASSPORTS :
''OUR OLD DIPLOMATIC PASSPORT DESIGNS WILL CHANGE IN 2023. ''
*OUR UPCOMING PASSPORTS OF ~ ''FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF COMMONWEALTH'':
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL ORGAN FOR ENTREPRENEURS :
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL ORGAN FOR MIGRANTS :
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL MARKETING AGENCY :
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL POSTAL, COURIER & DELIVERY SERVICES :
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL ~INSTITUTIONS FOR ROYAL AFFAIRS :
4) KOPE : THE TOTAL ROYAL ESTABLISHMENT OF ~ KING OF KINGS ( THE EMPEROR ) COMPRISES OF ALL OF OUR EMPIRES, KINGDOMS AND GEO-POLITICAL UNIONS ARE COLLECTIVELY KNOWN AS ~'' DIVINE KINGDOM OF GOD '' ;
AND WE NAMED IT AS ~'' KOPE / KINGDOM OF PLANET EARTH ''.
BECAUSE UNDER LEADERSHIP OF THE EMPEROR HIS ROYAL ADMINISTRATION AND NOBLE TEAMS COMMITTED TO OPERATE ACCORDING TO DIVINE COMMANDMENTS OR DIVINE TEACHINGS OF CREATOR GOD / ALLAH / OTHER NAMES OF GOD BY ADOPTING ALL CORE TEACHINGS OF RELIGIOUS FAITH TO UPLIFT SPIRITUALITY OF NATIONS TO BRING BACK DIVINE STARNDARDS AMONG GOVTS AND NATIONS FOR GOOD GOVERNANCE UNDER SUPERVISION OF HIS ABSOLUTE MONARCHY GOVERNMENT ALSO KNOWN AS ~ FEDERAL GOVT OF COMMONWEALTH / CENTRAL GOVERNMENT OF THE WORLD / ABSOLUTE MONARCHY GOVT OF KING OF KINGS .
*FOR MORE DETAILS OFFICIAL WEBLINK OF ~ '' K.O.P.E. '' ~ SHARED BELOW :
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL INSTITUTION FOR RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS / OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL SHIPPING ORGAN (SINGLE ENTITY LEGAL FOR MULTIPURPOSE) :
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL REAL ESTATE ORGAN : (AOWDMP)
2) MORE ABOUT AOWDMP :
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL ORGANS FOR INVESTMENTS & INVESTORS RELATIONS :
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL LOGISTICS HUB :
*OUR SOCIAL MEDIA : (TWLF IGO OWN ~ 50% OWNERSHIP) :
*OTHER SOCIAL MEDIA CREATED BY TWLF IGO NETWORK MEMBERS :
*OUR E-COMMERCE SITE : (TWLF IGO OWN~ 50% OWNERSHIP)
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL ORGAN / OUR POLITICAL PARTY ~ FOR INDEPENDENT POLITICIANS GLOBALLY :
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL ORGAN FOR AGRICULTURE SECTOR :
*OUR SOVEREIGN ROYAL ORGANS FOR WOMEN EMPOWERMENT :
*OUR FUNDRAISING EFFORTS TO HELP NATIONS :
*OUR UPCOMING NEAR FUTURE~ MEGA PROJECTS / LONG TERM INITIATIVES :
*OUR UPCOMING ~ '' FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF COMMONWEALTH ''~ FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS RELATED INFORMATION :
*FEW TESTIMONIALS FROM DIFFERENT PART OF THE WORLD ABOUT ~ KING OF KINGS (THE EMPEROR) , TWLF IGO (REPRESENTING OUR MONARCHY) & ABOUT ~ ''FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF COMMONWEALTH '' :
* ''FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF COMMONWEALTH'' ~ UK OFFICE /MAILING ADDRESS RENT PAID FOR A YEAR (JUNE,2023) :
* " FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF COMMONWEALTH LTD " ~ ( PRIVATE COMPANY LTD BY SHARES ) , UK CORPORATE ~ REGISTRATION DETAILS :
*OUR SOVEREIGN ABSOLUTE MONARCHY GOVT (FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF COMMONWEALTH / ABSOLUTE MONARCHY GOVT OF KING OF KINGS) ALSO BACKED BY THE ALL COMPILED LEGAL RECORDS OF LEADING UN IGO / SOVEREIGN ROYAL ENTITY / TWLF IGO (THE WORLD LEADERS FORUM ~ INTER-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION) :
*HOW ~ ''FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF COMMONWEALTH ''~ JURISDICTION OF 4 EMPIRES REPRESENT ALL NATIONS :
*UPCOMING NEW HISTORICAL BOOK BY END OF 2023 ABOUT THE EMPEROR (KING OF KINGS) AND OUR ABSOLUTE SOVEREIGN MONARCHY :
*WE LIVE IN A WORLD THAT HAS BEEN CONTROLLED BY OLD MATRIX THAT HAVE INFLUENCED ALL ASPECTS OF LIVES DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY. WE AIM TO BRING DIVINE CHANGES UNDER OUR MONARCHY GOVT AND OUR MONARCHY GOVT IS ALL ABOUT POSITIVE CHANGES AND WE STAND AGAINST CORRUPTION IN HIGHER PLACES, HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATION, SYSTEMATIC ABUSE AND SOCIAL INJUSTICE.
WITHIN A DIVINE KINGDOM (SOVEREIGN EMPIRE) EVERYONE AND ALL NATIONS ARE PART OF A BIGGER PICTURE DIRECTLY OR INDIRECLTY AGAINST ALL TYPES OF EVIL IDEOLOGIES THAT CREATE IMBALANCE OR RUIN SOCIAL NORMS, SOCIAL ORDER, LAW AND ORDER .
*THE IMAGE BELOW OF AN OLD MATRIX MAP DEPICTS THE BIGGER PICTURE OF HOW THE WORLD HAS BEEN CONTROLLED BY NUMEROUS OLIGARCH GROUPS, SECRET SOCIETIES, AND SOME ELITE GROUPS THAT WE DECIDED TO SHARE JUST FOR PUBLIC VIEW :
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*EMPERORS FEW RECEIVED INVITATIONS FROM DIFFERENT CONTINENTS IN 2024 :
*AN INVITATION UPDATE FROM ~ ASIA :
*AN INVITATION UPDATE FROM ~ AFRICA WITH JOINT COLLABORATION WITH ASIA :
..........................................................................................................................................................
*MORE INFORMATION ABOUT ~ '' FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF COMMONWEALTH '' :
*AMONG 16 GOVERNMENT TYPES WE REPRESENT ABSOLUTE MONARCHY GOVERNMENT (FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF COMMONWEALTH ; ALSO KNOWN AS ~ ABSOLUTE MONARCHY GOVT OF KING OF KINGS) ; OUR MONARCHY GOVERNMENT COMPRISES OF 4 MAIN EMPIRES OF THE WORLD (ROMAN, BRITISH, FRENCH AND ISLAMIC ~ EMPIRES) WHICH THE EMPEROR (KING OF KINGS) AS THE HEAD OF THE MONARCHY REPRESENTS THROUGH HIS HEREDITARY RIGHTS (SOVEREIGN ROYAL RIGHTS BY HIS BIRTH RIGHTS AS THE PROGENY OF THE PAST EMPERORS) BECAUSE
HIS ANCESTORS (FORE-FATHERS) WERE THE MAIN RULERS OF THOSE EMPIRES.
AND THE EMPEROR IS CONSIDRERED CURRENTLY AMONG MOST EDUCATED PEOPLE ON EARTH WHO WILL CONTINUE TO LEAD BY EXAMPLE AS A SOVEREIGN EMPEROR,
WORLD LEADER, PROMINENT FIGURE, VVIP (VERY VERY IMPORTANT PERSON), DIVINE LEADER, HONEST AND SINCERE LEADER, CIVIL RIGHTS LEADER, TOP RESEARCHER, MENTOR , RESEARCH SUPERVISOR, MILITARY HIGH OFFICIAL (PROVOST MARSHALL GENERAL) AND A TOP DIPLOMAT TO MAKE THE WORLD A BETTER PLACE FOR ALL NATIONS, ALL SOCIETIES, ALL TRIBES, ALL RELIGIONS AND ALL AGE GROUPS AND ALL SECTORS THROUGH UNITED EFFORTS OF ALL GOVTS & COMMUNITIES COLLECTIVELY BY THE GRACE OF MOST HIGH / ALMIGHTY CREATOR GOD / YAHWEH / ALLAH.
*THE SOVEREIGN EMPEROR WAS ALSO HONOURED AS THE IMPERIAL EMPEROR BY
A NEW IGO EMPOWERED BY - ''TWLF SOVEREIGN IGO'' - IS ~ ' NUFP ' AND THEIR HIGH OFFICIALS AND OTHER AFRICAN-AMERICAN TRIBAL NOBLES MEANWHILE :
THE SOVEREIGN EMPEROR WAS EMPOWERED AS THE ~ ROYAL PATRON, INTERNATIONAL PRESIDENT AND RESEARCH SUPERVISOR OF ~
'' COMMONWEALTH SMEs CLUB (CSME)'' & ''GLOBAL SMEs CLUB (GSME)'' :
THE SOVEREIGN EMPEROR (KING OF KINGS) OBTAINED HUMANITY AWARDS 2024 :
*FULL NAME OF THE EMPEROR WITH HIS TITLES AND QUALIFICATIONS :
HIM EMPEROR KING ARCHDUKE LORD MIP H.E. VVIP MVP CHANCELLOR SENIOR PROF. DR. INTERNATIONAL JUDGE AND PROVOST MARSHALL GENERAL SIR
CHOWDHURY, MOSHARAF HOSSAIN ~ CERTIFIED ~ CEO, CTO, CFO, CWO, UCIB,
CTT, ECONOMIST, LEAD AUDITOR, CIO, ChPP, CIP, CFP, CEMS, DGG, DLC, DCM, DIDP,
HRM, BSc Engg CS, BSc GE, M.Sc. CS , MSc LS, CURM , ARCHITECT, CONSULTANT, BBA, Mini - MBA, MBA , JUDICIAL ARBITRATOR, LLM, PDPM, PDSM, PGD ~ AI, PGD ~ PSCM, Ph.D. , Ed.D., Psy.D, DSJ, DOE, DWM, DLM, DLE, DMETA, DTh, DBA, D.Litt.
*RESEARCH PORTFOLIO OF THE SOVEREIGN EMPEROR (KING OF KINGS) & TWLF SOVEREIGN IGO FOUNDER AND GOVERNOR GENERAL :
*NEW ADDITIONAL BADGE DESIGNS ADOPTED FOR ~ ''FEDERAL GOVT OF COMMONWEALTH'' & OUR PROJECTS (TWLF SOVEREIGN IGO SUBSIDIARIES) :
*ADDITIONAL SPIRITUAL CROWN DESIGNS OF THE KING OF KINGS (THE EMPEROR) :
*DIFFERENT TYPES OF LAWS THAT PROTECTS THE LEGAL RIGHTS OF THE SOVEREIGN EMPEROR (KING OF KINGS) & HIS MONARCHY & SOVEREIGN ROYAL HOUSES WORLDWIDE IN ALL CONTINENTS :
*TWLF IGO GOVERNOR GENERAL (KING OF KINGS / THE EMPEROR) HAS BEEN MEANWHILE OFFICIALLY RECOGNIZED AS THE MOST EDUCATED PERSON ON EARTH :
*ADDITIONAL ROYAL HONOUR MEDALS & AWARDS ~ DESIGNS OF ~ '' FEDERAL GOVT OF COMMONWEALTH '' :
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
*Here’s a comprehensive A to Z list of notable books covering common law principles at both national and international levels. This list includes works on jurisprudence, international law, and various aspects of common law systems :
*A :
"An Introduction to Comparative Law" – By Konrad Zweigert and Hein Kötz (Comparative study of common law and civil law) ;
"Anson's Law of Contract" – By Jack Beatson (English contract law) ;
*B :
"Brownlie’s Principles of Public International Law" – By James Crawford (International law with common law principles) ;
"Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England" – By Sir William Blackstone (Foundational common law text) ;
*C :
"Cheshire, North & Fawcett: Private International Law" – By Paul Torremans (Conflict of laws and cross-border issues) ;
"Civil Procedure" – By Richard L. Marcus (Covers civil procedure under common law systems) ;
*D :
"Dicey, Morris & Collins on the Conflict of Laws" – By Lawrence Collins (Leading text on private international law) ;
"Development of International Law by the International Court of Justice" – By Christian J. Tams ;
*E :
"English Legal System" – By Catherine Elliott and Frances Quinn (Overview of English common law) ;
"Essentials of International Relations and International Law" – By Karen Mingst ;
*F :
"Foreign Relations Law of the United States" – By Curtis Bradley (US law with international perspectives) ;
*G :
"Global Issues in Contract Law" – By Michael H. Gergen (Comparative approach to contract law) ;
"Garner's Dictionary of Legal Usage" – By Bryan A. Garner (Legal terms and common law language) ;
*H :
"Halsbury’s Laws of England" – (Comprehensive encyclopedic work on English common law) ;
"Human Rights and International Relations" – By R.J. Vincent (Covers intersection of law and international politics) ;
*I :
"International Law" – By Malcolm Shaw (Standard text on international law with reference to common law) ;
"Introduction to International Law" – By J.G. Starke (Basic concepts of international law) ;
*J :
"Judicial Review and the Constitution" – By Christopher Forsyth (Common law and constitutional principles) ;
"Jurisdiction in International Law" – By Cedric Ryngaert (International law concerning state and international jurisdiction) ;
*K :
"Kelsen's Pure Theory of Law" – By Hans Kelsen (Although not strictly common law, it influences legal theory internationally) ;
*L :
"Law of Nations" – By Emer de Vattel (Foundational text on international law) ;
"Law of Contract" – By Paul Richards (Core principles of contract law under common law) ;
*M :
"Modern Treaty Law and Practice" – By Anthony Aust (Covers treaties within international law, relevant to common law countries) ;
"Mason & McCall Smith's Law and Medical Ethics" – By Graeme Laurie (Common law approach to medical law and ethics) ;
*N :
"National Security Law" – By Stephen Dycus (US and international perspective on security law) ;
"Negligence in the Common Law" – By Percy H. Winfield ;
*O :
"Oppenheim’s International Law" – By Robert Jennings and Arthur Watts (Fundamental text on international law with common law influence) ;
"Oxford Handbook of International Law" – Edited by Dinah Shelton ;
*P :
"Private International Law" – By Peter North (Common law perspective on conflict of laws) ;
"Principles of Public International Law" – By Ian Brownlie ;
*R :
"Remedies in International Human Rights Law" – By Dinah Shelton (Common law approach to human rights) ;
"Rules of the Game: International Law and the International Criminal Court" – By Louise Arbour ;
*S :
"Street on Torts" – By John Murphy (English common law of torts) ;
"Shaw’s International Law" – By Malcolm N. Shaw ;
*T :
"The Common Law" – By Oliver Wendell Holmes (Classic text on the development of common law) ;
"The Law of Nations in Global History" – By C.G. Roelofsen ;
*U :
"Understanding International Law" – By Stephen C. McCaffrey (Comprehensive introduction to international law with common law influences) ;
"Understanding Common Law Legislation" – By F.A.R. Bennion ;
*W :
"What is International Law For?" – By Mary Ellen O'Connell (Philosophical take on international law) ;
"Wade and Forsyth's Administrative Law" – By William Wade (Key work on administrative law in common law jurisdictions) ;
*Z :
"Ziegler’s International Trade Law" – By Andreas Ziegler (Deals with trade regulations, covering common law and international perspectives) ;
This list includes works that explore both national common law systems (e.g., English, US, Australian law) and international law topics from a common law perspective.
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*OUR CAVALRY PLAN FOR OUR SOVEREIGN MONARCHY GOVT :
'' FEDERAL GOVT OF COMMONWEALTH '' ~ ESTABLISHING OUR 2ND ADMINISTRATIVE HQ OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE BASED IN BUCHAREST, ROMANIA.
OUR 1ST ADMINISTRATIVE HQ OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE BASED IN ROME, ITALY .
THIS PARTICULAR ROYAL, ADMINISTRATION OF OUR MONARCHY GOVT WILL TRAIN & SUPERVISE OUR CAVALRY IN FUTURE AS OUR ~ '' ROMAN EMPIRE CAVALRY / HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE CAVALRY ~ CORPS '' ~ FOR OUR ALL OTHER ROYAL ADMINISTRATIONS AND ALL EMPIRES & KINGDOMS ALSO WORLDWIDE .
*OUR SOVEREIGN MONARCHY GOVT WILL ENSURE WE HAVE A BUDGET ALLOCATED FOR IT EACH YEAR THAT WILL ALSO SUPPORT OUR ALL ROYAL ARMED FORCES .
*FOR MORE INFO ABOUT UNDERSTANDING ~ '' CAVALRY '' ~VISIT THE SHARED WEBLINKS BELOW :
*DIFFERENT COUNTRIES IN MODERN DAYS STILL HAVE CAVALRY CORPS THAT INITIALLY CAME FROM ROMAN EMPIRE FOR THE COMBAT SUPPORT OF ARMY UNDER MONARCHY.
AS FOR EXAMPLE : IRELAND MILTARY SUPPORT IS CAVALRY CORPS (CAV).
*FOR MORE INFO DETAILS ABOUT CAVALRY CORPS (IRELAND) VISIT THE SHARED WEBLINK BELOW :
'' CAVALRY '' ~ IS NOT ALWAYS FOR WARS. IT ALSO REPRESENTS HISTORICAL GOVTS ; SPECIALLY MONARCHY THAT HAVE RULED OVER THE WORLD WITH MANY WARS
BY CONQUERING IN ANCIENT TIMES WHEN MOST FIGHTS WON ON HORSE BACK
BY HORSE RIDERS. THE TRADITION OF HORSE RIDING WAS QUITE COMMON. PEOPLE
NOW A DAYS DON'T GET MANY OPPORTUNITY TO EVEN LEARN HOW TO RIDE A HORSE.
OUR MONARCHY CAVALRY WILL BE MAINLY USED TO CELEBRATE MANY HISTORICAL EVENTS TO TEACH AND EDUCATE OUR NEXT GENERATIONS ABOUT WORLD HISTORY .
*HISTORICAL INFO ABOUT ~ ROMAN CAVALRY :
*COMPARISON CHART THAT CONTRASTS KEY RANKS IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE WITH THOSE IN THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE :
*Brief Overview Of The Cavalry In Our Different Empires / Sovereign Monarchy :
1. Roman Empire Cavalry
Role: Primarily used for reconnaissance, skirmishing, and support in battles. Roman cavalry was not as heavily relied upon as infantry but became more prominent in the later empire.
Composition: Early Roman cavalry was composed of Roman citizens and allies (auxiliaries), with later periods seeing an increase in mercenaries and non-Roman recruits.
Key Units: Equites (Roman citizen cavalry), Alae (auxiliary cavalry), and Cataphracts (heavily armored cavalry in the later empire).
Tactics: Used in scouting, flanking, and pursuit operations.
2. British Empire Cavalry
Role: British cavalry played key roles in colonial expansion, Napoleonic Wars, and later in World War I.
Composition: Often composed of dragoons, hussars, lancers, and heavy cavalry units like the Household Cavalry.
Key Units: Light Dragoons, Hussars, and Lancers for light, fast operations, and Heavy Dragoons for shock combat.
Tactics: Focused on charges, flanking maneuvers, and colonial policing.
3. French Empire Cavalry (Napoleonic Era)
Role: Cavalry was essential to Napoleon’s success, providing shock action, pursuit, and reconnaissance.
Composition: Divided into light cavalry (Chasseurs à Cheval, Hussars), heavy cavalry (Cuirassiers), and elite units (Imperial Guard Cavalry).
Key Units: Cuirassiers (heavily armored), Lancers, Dragoons, and Chasseurs à Cheval.
Tactics: Massed cavalry charges and mobility to exploit enemy weaknesses.
4. Islamic Empire Cavalry (Caliphates)
Role: Central to early Islamic military success, including rapid expansion across the Middle East, North Africa, and into Europe.
Composition: Primarily light cavalry, with a focus on speed and agility, often using Arabian horses. Later periods saw the introduction of heavy cavalry.
Key Units: Mamluks (elite slave-soldier cavalry), Faris (general cavalry).
Tactics: Swift raids (razzias), hit-and-run tactics, and mobility in desert warfare.
5. German Empire Cavalry (1871-1918)
Role: Used in the Franco-Prussian War and World War I, but became obsolete due to modern warfare (e.g., trench warfare).
Composition: Primarily Uhlans (lancers), Hussars, and Cuirassiers.
Key Units: Uhlans (lancers) and Heavy Cavalry units like Cuirassiers.
Tactics: Early focus on reconnaissance and charges, though limited in effectiveness during World War I.
6. Angevin Empire Cavalry (12th Century)
Role: Important in maintaining control over vast territories in England and France, especially in feudal warfare.
Composition: Feudal knights formed the backbone of Angevin cavalry.
Key Units: Mounted knights and sergeants (lower-status mounted soldiers).
Tactics: Feudal-style cavalry charges, often led by armored knights.
7. Bengal Sultanate Cavalry (14th-16th Century)
Role: The Bengal Sultanate relied on cavalry for rapid campaigns, defense, and territorial expansion.
Composition: Horse Cavalry, supported by elephants, and Turkic mercenaries who brought Central Asian cavalry traditions.
Key Units: Mounted archers and lancers.
Tactics: Hit-and-run tactics and traditional cavalry charges, often supported by war elephants.
8. Indian Empire Cavalry (British Raj, 19th-20th Century)
Role: Cavalry played a significant role during the British Raj, both in internal policing and in military campaigns, including World War I.
Composition: The British Indian Army had Cavalry Regiments made up of Indian and British soldiers.
Key Units: Lancers, Hussars, and Cavalry of Native States like the Sikh Cavalry.
Tactics: Used in colonial warfare, reconnaissance, and ceremonial duties.
Traditional cavalry use declined with the advent of mechanized units.
Each empire adapted its cavalry to suit its military, geographic, and strategic needs, with various forms of light and heavy cavalry playing pivotal roles across different historical periods. Each empire adapted its cavalry to suit its military needs, with shifting tactics and technology over time.
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*HISTORICAL BUDGET INFO OF CAVALRY UNDER OUR EMPIRES AND MONARCHY :
Estimating the budget for cavalry across different historical empires is difficult due to the lack of consistent records and varying economic systems. However, I can give an approximate sense of the resources required for each empire's cavalry based on their military expenses, recruitment, equipment, and upkeep.
1. Roman Empire
Estimated Cavalry Size: Around 10,000–30,000 cavalry at the peak of the empire.
Expenses:
Recruitment & Pay: Auxiliaries (often non-Roman citizens) were paid less than legionnaires. Cavalrymen were likely paid around 1.5 to 2 times a regular infantry soldier.
Equipment Costs: Horses, armor (lorica hamata or squamata), weapons (swords, spears), and maintenance.
Logistics: Feeding and caring for horses, veterinary services, stables, and transport.
Approximate Budget Proportion: Likely 10–15% of the total military budget, with the Roman military budget itself around 200–300 million denarii annually in the early empire.
Modern Equivalent: Approximately $300–500 million yearly, accounting for the cavalry’s share of that.
2. British Empire
Estimated Cavalry Size: Around 25,000–40,000 cavalry units during the Napoleonic Wars.
Expenses:
Recruitment & Pay: Cavalry soldiers earned more than infantrymen. Officer commissions and horses added significant costs.
Equipment Costs: Sabers, pistols, lances, uniforms, and horse gear.
Logistics: Horse stables, fodder, transport, and veterinary care.
Approximate Budget Proportion: During the Napoleonic Wars, the British military budget reached over £40 million per year, with the cavalry likely accounting for 10–15% of that.
Modern Equivalent: Around $1.5–3 billion yearly during major conflicts like the Napoleonic Wars.
3. French Empire (Napoleonic Era)
Estimated Cavalry Size: Approximately 80,000–100,000 at the height of Napoleon’s campaigns.
Expenses:
Recruitment & Pay: Napoleon invested heavily in cavalry, especially heavy units like Cuirassiers.
Equipment Costs: Heavy armor, sabers, lances, pistols, and elaborate uniforms.
Logistics: Horse care was a major expense, including feed, equipment, and transport.
Approximate Budget Proportion: With a military budget of around 800–1,000 million francs, the cavalry likely accounted for 10–20%.
Modern Equivalent: Approximately $10–15 billion yearly.
4. Islamic Empire (Caliphates)
Estimated Cavalry Size: During the Abbasid Caliphate, approximately 50,000–70,000 cavalry in active service.
Expenses:
Recruitment & Pay: Cavalry, especially elite units like Mamluks, were highly paid. Many cavalrymen were slaves or mercenaries who were paid or granted land.
Equipment Costs: Horses, chainmail or lamellar armor, swords, spears, and bows.
Logistics: Desert campaigns required large logistical support (water, feed, etc.).
Approximate Budget Proportion: Likely 20–25% of military spending, as cavalry was more essential in their warfare.
Modern Equivalent: Approx. $5–7 billion yearly for the entire military, with cavalry likely requiring $1–2 billion.
5. German Empire (1871–1918)
Estimated Cavalry Size: About 30,000–50,000 cavalrymen in the early 20th century.
Expenses:
Recruitment & Pay: Cavalrymen, especially officers, were often aristocrats and well paid.
Equipment Costs: Lances, swords, carbines, uniforms, and horse equipment.
Logistics: High costs due to veterinary services and horse care.
Approximate Budget Proportion: Cavalry represented about 5–10% of the total military budget during the early 1900s.
Modern Equivalent: Germany spent around $3–4 billion annually on its military in the early 20th century, with $200–400 million allocated to cavalry.
6. Angevin Empire
Estimated Cavalry Size: Likely around 10,000–15,000 knights and mounted soldiers.
Expenses:
Recruitment & Pay: Knights were often compensated with land rather than money, but maintaining their retinues and equipment was costly.
Equipment Costs: Plate and chainmail armor, swords, lances, shields, and horses.
Logistics: Horses needed constant care, food, and stabling.
Approximate Budget Proportion: Possibly 10–15% of the feudal military expenses.
Modern Equivalent: Approximate medieval military expenses for a kingdom could be $1–2 billion, with cavalry accounting for $100–200 million.
7. Bengal Sultanate
Estimated Cavalry Size: Around 10,000–15,000 horsemen.
Expenses:
Recruitment & Pay: Cavalrymen were often Turkic or Afghan mercenaries, requiring higher wages.
Equipment Costs: Horses, sabers, lances, bows, and armor.
Logistics: Horses required significant resources, particularly in the delta region.
Approximate Budget Proportion: Likely 20–30% of military expenditures, with cavalry playing a key role.
Modern Equivalent: Likely $100–300 million annually for the cavalry, given the Sultanate's smaller economy.
8. Indian Empire (British Raj)
Estimated Cavalry Size: About 30,000–50,000 cavalrymen during British rule.
Expenses:
Recruitment & Pay: Native cavalry regiments were cheaper than British regulars but still well-paid for their roles.
Equipment Costs: Sabers, lances, pistols, and uniforms.
Logistics: Horses were expensive to maintain in tropical climates.
Approximate Budget Proportion: Likely 5–10% of the British Indian Army’s budget.
Modern Equivalent: Total military spending in the British Raj could be around $500 million–$1 billion yearly, with cavalry expenses estimated at $50–100 million annually.
These figures are rough estimates based on the scale of military operations, the relative importance of cavalry, and historical data. Costs would have varied significantly depending on the size of the empire, duration of campaigns, and technological advancements in warfare.
9. Carolingian Empire
The Carolingian Empire (8th–9th centuries), under rulers like Charlemagne, heavily relied on cavalry, especially armored knights for their military campaigns. However, precise records of military expenditures are rare for this period, and much of the economy was feudal rather than monetary. Here is an approximate breakdown of the budget required to maintain the cavalry in the Carolingian Empire.
1. Cavalry Size and Importance
Estimated Cavalry Size: Around 10,000–15,000 mounted warriors, including heavy cavalry (armored knights) and lighter mounted troops.
Role: The Carolingians emphasized the mounted warrior class, especially after Charlemagne’s reforms, which required military service from nobles in exchange for land (feudal obligations). Cavalry was essential for rapid response across the empire's vast territories.
2. Key Expenditures
Recruitment and Pay
Feudal System: The Carolingian cavalry was primarily composed of noble knights who were given land (benefices or fiefs) in exchange for military service. Rather than paying wages, the Carolingian rulers granted land and privileges to the nobility, which helped sustain their military obligations.
Cost: Knights funded their own equipment and upkeep, so the state didn't directly pay salaries to most of the cavalry. However, some mercenaries or non-noble cavalry might have received stipends or booty from campaigns.
Equipment Costs
Armor: Knights typically wore mail armor (chainmail), which was expensive to produce, as well as helmets and shields. Armor was often provided by the knight’s own resources or their lord.
Weapons: Lances, swords, and spears were standard. Horses required saddles, bridles, and other specialized gear.
Estimated cost per knight’s equipment: Equivalent to $15,000–$20,000 in modern terms.
Horse Costs: Warhorses were expensive to maintain, and knights often had multiple horses. A well-bred warhorse might cost $10,000–$15,000 in modern terms, with additional expenses for upkeep.
Logistics and Maintenance
Horse Maintenance: Horses required stabling, feeding, veterinary care, and transport, which were significant ongoing expenses.
Fodder and Care: Likely equivalent to $1,000–$2,000 per horse per year in modern terms.
Infrastructure and Logistics
Fortresses and Garrisons: The empire built fortresses to house cavalry and provide a base of operations, which represented a significant infrastructure cost.
Campaign Costs: Mobilizing cavalry for campaigns across Europe, especially in large-scale campaigns (like those against the Saxons), required substantial logistical support in terms of food, water, and transport.
Campaigns and logistics: Large-scale campaigns could cost the empire equivalent to millions of dollars in modern terms.
3. Estimated Overall Budget
The Carolingian military budget was largely focused on supporting the feudal system, land grants, and maintaining the infrastructure for campaigns rather than direct monetary payments to troops.
Approximate Annual Cavalry Budget:
Cavalry expenses likely accounted for around 20–30% of the Carolingian military expenditure due to the importance of mounted forces in controlling the empire and responding quickly to threats.
While it's difficult to estimate in modern terms, the Carolingian Empire's annual military budget might be around $100–200 million, with cavalry-related costs taking $20–60 million of that, including logistics, equipment, and indirect support like land grants and fortification upkeep.
Conclusion
The Carolingian cavalry was crucial to the empire’s military dominance and was sustained by a mix of feudal obligations and state resources. Direct costs to the state were relatively low due to the feudal system, but the overall expense of maintaining a mounted, well-equipped military force was significant, particularly in terms of logistics and infrastructure.
*'' Hossain '' ~ Dynasty (Royal Dynasty) And Its Variants Have Deep Historical Records Across Various Regions :
*'' Chowdhury '' ~ Dynasty (Royal Dynasty) And Its Variants Historical Records Info Across Various Regions !!! :
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